What is a certificate of occupancy and do I need one?
What a CO means
A certificate of occupancy is issued by your local building department after all final inspections pass. It states that the building complies with applicable codes and is approved for occupancy. For a new home, you can't legally move in without one. For a major remodel, you may need a new or updated CO if the work changes the occupancy classification or adds dwelling units.
The CO is different from a building permit. The permit authorizes construction; the CO confirms the work is complete and compliant. Some jurisdictions issue a temporary CO if minor items remain, allowing occupancy while you finish those items.
- New construction of a house or addition
- Converting a garage to a living space
- Changing a single-family home into a duplex
- Finishing a basement to add a bedroom
- Opening a home-based business that requires zoning approval
When you might not need one
Cosmetic remodels that don't change the use or number of dwelling units usually don't require a new CO. For example, a kitchen update that keeps the same layout and occupancy typically only needs final inspection sign-off, not a new CO. However, if you add a bedroom or a separate unit, you likely will need one.
If you're unsure, ask your local building department. They can tell you whether your project triggers a CO requirement. Without a CO, you may face fines or have trouble selling or renting the property.
Common mistakes
- Confusing a certificate of occupancy with a building permit; they serve different purposes.
- Assuming you don't need a CO for a garage conversion or basement finish that adds living space.
- Moving in or renting out a new construction before the CO is issued, which is illegal.
